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FACTS ABOUT CAT’S EYE TO KNOW BEFORE YOU BUY
Blue sapphire reflects the sky’s every shade, from blazing afternoon to velvety midnight. It symbolizes nobility, truth, sincerity and faithfulness.
In standardized color terms. blue sapphire ranges from very light to very dark violetish blue to greenish blue.The most highly valued sapphires are velvety blue to violetish blue, in medium to medium dark tones.
It’s estimated that 95% of blue sapphire are heated or lattice diffused to improve color and clarity Source (G.I.A.).
Untreated premium quality sapphires–a tiny percentage of the sapphire market– make up the most exclusive and costly market sector.Chemical composition
Blue Sapphire is made of Aluminum Oxide, Iron and TitaniumSpecies Corundum
Refractive Index 1.762-1.770 (+0.009/-0.005)
Specific gravity 4.00 (+ 0.10 /-0.05)
Melting point 2050 C (Approx)
Best source
Kashmir (India)Other sources
Burma
Sri Lanka
Australia
Madagascar
Nigeria
United StatesTreatments
Heat Treatment Heating to a very high temperature for the purpose of changing its appearance.
Surface diffusion Heating at a very temperature in presence of coloring agents for allowing chemicals to penetrate in the stone.
Fracture filling Stones are filled with epoxy resin or glass OR lead glass to conceal the fractures.
Any treatment done on the stones damages its internal structure of the gemstones.
Hardness & Toughness
Hardness (resistance to scratching) 9 on the Mohs scale
Toughness (resistance to breaking and chipping) Usually excellent but large fractures can lessen the durability
Stability (Resistance to Heat and Chemicals)
Heat can cause the change in color or clarity, it can also damage fracture fillingLight Fracture filling may dry out or alter under intense light
Chemicals Can harm the fillings in fracture filled stones
Synthetics
Blue Sapphire synthetics are readily available in the market.
Blue Sapphire is made from flame fusion, flux, hydrothermal, floating zone many processes in the marketTHE ONLY WAY TO SEPARATE NATURAL SAPPHIRE FROM LAB GROWN SAPPHIRE IS THROUGH INCLUSION(MAGNIFICATION)
Care and cleaning
Ultrasonic cleaning Usually safe, but not for fracture-filled stones.Steam cleaning Usually safe, but not for fracture-filled stones.
Warm soapy water Safe, but strong detergents should be avoided
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FACTS ABOUT CAT’S EYE TO KNOW BEFORE YOU BUY
Cats eye chrysoberyl with its band of reflected light across the middle has always reminded observers of the eye of the cat
The band of light that an observer sees in the middle of the stone is the CAT’S EYE EFFECT. The stone in itself is not Cat’s eye.
In Navratan Lahsuniya is CAT’S EYE CHRYSOBERYL NOT ANY OTHER CAT’S EYE EFFECT STONE.
Cat’s eye effects occur in other gemstones. LIKE CAT’S EYE QUARTZ, CAT’S EYE SILLAMINTE. Cat’s eye effect is gemologically called Chatoyancy that is a result of tiny fibers, or needles, naturally arranged in a parallel configuration.
Cat’s eye chrysoberyl ranges from brown to greenish yellow. The finest quality specimens boast a golden color with bands that span the entire length of the gem. The bands themselves are distinct, silvery-white and straight.
CAT’S-EYE CHRYSOBERYL shows another feature called MILK AND HONEY. With the light perpendicular to the chatoyant band, the side close to the stone shows stone’s original body color while the other side shows a milky appearance.
Chemical composition
Beryllium aluminum oxide.
Species ChrysoberylRefractive Index 1.746-1.755(+0.004/-0.006)
Specific gravity 3.73(+/-0.02)
Melting point 1870 C (Approx)
- Source
India - Sri Lanka
- Brazil
- East Africa
Hardness & Toughness
Hardness(resistance to scratching) 8.5 on the Mohs scaleToughness(resistance to breaking and chipping) Excellent to good
Stability (Resistance to Heat and Chemicals)
Heat Stable
Chemicals None
Care and Cleaning
Ultrasonic cleaning Usually safeSteam cleaning Usually safe
Warm soapy water Safe
Imitations
Cat’s eye Glass
When buying Cat’s eye be aware of:It is important that the ‘eye’ has a fine line running right through it, and that it can be recognized clearly
Fine cat’s eyes should be of a distinctive color and be as transparent as possible.
The most popular ones are those of a beautiful honey yellow and those with fine green tones.
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The name emerald is derived from a Persian word, which later appeared in Greek as smaragds and then as smaragdus Rome’s Pliny the elder described emerald in his natural history, published in the first century AD. Nothing greens greener was his verdict.
Historically the first emerald mines were by the red sea in Egypt, that was called CLEOPATRA’S EMERALD MINES. Cleopatra was known to have a passion for emeralds, and used it in her royal adornments.
Emerald’s green colour is known to relive stress and eye strain.
The world’s best emeralds are know to come from Colombia.Emeralds that are filled with oil, over a period of time oil can evaporate and leave brown, white or yellowish residue.
Chemical composition
Beryllium Aluminum Silicate with Iron, Chromium and VanadiumSpecies Beryl
Refractive Index 1.576-1.582 (+/- 0.017)
Specific gravity 2.67-2.78
Melting point 1300 C (Approx)
Best source
Colombia (fine Colombian emeralds are highly regarded for their excellent color)Other sources
AfghanistanBrazil
Pakistan
Russia Zambia A major Commercial source
Zimbabwe The Sandawana Valley is a famous source
Treatments
Fracture filling Filling surface reaching fractures with colourless oils or resins. it improves clarity and colour.Dyeing Adding colorant to the oil or resins used in the fracture filing process. Improves emerald color, gives light colored beryl an emerald green.
Coating Covering a light colored beryl with a green plastic. Creates an emerald imitation
Hardness & Toughness
Hardness (resistance to scratching) 7.5-8 on the Mohs scaleToughness (resistance to breaking and chipping) Poor to Good
Stability (Resistance to Heat and Chemicals)
Heat May cause fracturesLight Fracture filling may dry out or alter under intense light
Chemicals Fracture filling may be affected by any type of chemicals, emerald itself is resistance to all acids except hydrofluoric
Synthetics
Synthetics Emeralds are readily available in the market.Emeralds are grown in the laboratory by HYDROTHERMAL AND FLUX METHODS
THE ONLY WAY TO SEPRATE NATURAL EMERALD FROM LAB GROWN EMERALD IS THROUGH INCLUSION (MAGNIFICATION)
Care and cleaning
Ultrasonic cleaning NeverSteam cleaning Never
Warm soapy water Usually safe. avoid vigorous scrubbing
Untreated emeralds command premium prices. An untreated emerald can be up to 50% more valuable than a treated one of the same apparent quality.
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FACTS ABOUT CAT’S EYE TO KNOW BEFORE YOU BUY
The pearl was one of the first gems to be valued by men. Fresh out of the shell, a pearl could be worn and admired without any polishing and fashioning. Because of its mysterious source- in the body of an animal early civilizations attributed magical powers to the pearl.
Natural Pearls (Basara Moti)
A natural pearl is formed in a mollusk with no human intervention. A mollusk is a soft bodied marine animal with no back bone.Cultured Pearls
The pearl formed as a result of human intervention in the pearl formation process.Pearl culturing is an adaptation of natural pearl formation process, where a mantle tissue piece and a bead nucleus is surgically inserted in the oyster.The oyster is then reharvested in the sea transfers into a cultured pearl in a few months.
An important point to remember is that natural pearls should not be judged by cultured pearl standards.
For example, many of today’s cultured pearls especially the south sea or Tahitian can be quite large. Natural pearls on the other hand, can be smaller and extremely valuable. Their smaller size should be accepted as a part of their natural heritage
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Facts About Pure Ruby You Should Know
The name ruby comes from the Latin word ‘ruber’ which means red. In Sanskrit ruby is called “Ratnaraj” king of gems. Many Europeans wore rubies to guarantee health wealth wisdom and success in love.
Ruby is found in pinkish, purplish or orangy red color tones. The best ruby color is a deep, pure, vivid red.
CAUTION
Artificial Enhancement like using LEAD(highly Toxic) GLASS FILLING RUBIES ARE HARMFUL to THE BODY.93% of the rubies today in the market are usually not natural. There are various treatments done to the stone to enhance its apparent color and clarity.
Chemical composition
Ruby is made of Aluminum Oxide and Chromium.Species: Corundum
Refractive Index : 1.762-1.770 (+0.009/-0.005)
Specific gravity: 4.00 (+ 0.10 /-0.05)
Melting point: 2050 C (Approx)
Best source
Burma (now called Myanmar) is credited for producing the finest quality rubies since at least 600 AD. Other sources:- Sri Lanka,
- Afghanistan,
- Kenya,
- Madagascar,
- Thailand(mining depreciated in the early nineties but it is worlds center for treatment of stones today)
Treatments
Heat Treatment Heating to a very high temperature for the purpose of changing its appearance.Surface diffusion Heating at a very temperature in presence of coloring agents for allowing chemicals to penetrate in the stone.
Fracture filling Stones are filled with epoxy resin or glass OR lead glass to conceal the fractures.
Any treatment done on the stones damages the internal structure of the gemstones.
Hardness & Toughness
Hardness(resistance to scratching) 9 on the Mohs scale.Toughness (resistance to breaking and chipping) Usually excellent but large fractures can lessen the durability
Stability (Resistance to Heat and Chemicals)
Heat: Heat can cause the change in color or clarity, it can also damage fracture fillingLight: Fracture filling may dry out or alter under intense light
Chemicals: Can harm the fillings in fracture filled stones
Synthetics
Ruby synthetics are readily available in the market.Ruby is made from flame fusion, flux, hydrothermal, floating zone many processes in the market
THE ONLY WAY TO SEPARATE NATURAL RUBY FROM LAB GROWN RUBY IS THROUGH INCLUSION(MAGNIFICATION)
Care and cleaning
Ultrasonic cleaning: Usually safe, but not for fracture-filled stones.Steam cleaning: Usually safe, but not for fracture-filled stones.
Warm soapy water: Safe, but strong detergents should be avoided.
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FACTS ABOUT CAT’S EYE TO KNOW BEFORE YOU BUY
Yellow sapphire represents the positive powers of Jupiter in Vedic astrology, widely known as Pushparagam and Pukraj.yellow is sunshine and one of the warm colors. The color is symbolic of cheerfulness and used to welcome loved ones at home. In many civilizations across the world, , yellow represents courage, trade, and peace.
IN INDIA YELLOW SAPPHIRE IS OFTEN MISTAKEN FOR YELLOW TOPAZ. YELLOW TOPAZ AND YELLOW SAPPHIRE ARE TWO DIFFERENT STONES.
Chemical composition
Yellow sapphire is made of Aluminum Oxide and IronSpecies Corundum
Refractive Index : 1.762-1.770 (+0.009/-0.005)
Specific gravity : 4.00 (+ 0.10 /-0.05)
Melting point: 2050 C (Approx)
Best source
Sri Lanka
BurmaTreatments
Heat Treatment Heating to a very high temperature for the purpose of changing its appearance.Surface diffusion Heating at a very temperature in presence of coloring agents for allowing chemicals to penetrate in the stone.
Fracture filling Stones are filled with epoxy resin or glass OR lead glass to conceal the fractures.
Irradiation It involves bombarding a stone with electromagnetic radiation( x rays or gamma rays)or subatomic particles (neutrons or electrons) to change the color. Color is not stable and fades when a gem is exposed to heat or light.
Any treatment done on the stones damages its internal structure of the gemstones.
Hardness & Toughness
Hardness (resistance to scratching) 9 on the Mohs scaleToughness (resistance to breaking and chipping) Usually excellent but large fractures can lessen the durability
Stability (Resistance to Heat and Chemicals)
Heat: May cause fracturesLight: Fracture filling may dry out or alter under intense light
Chemicals: Fracture filling may be affected by any type of chemicals, emerald itself is resistance to all acids except hydrofluoric
Synthetics
Synthetics Yellow Sapphire are readily available in the market.Yellow Sapphire has grown in the laboratory by FLAME FUSION AND FLUX METHODS.
THE ONLY WAY TO SEPARATE NATURAL YELLOW SAPPHIRE FROM LAB GROWN YELLOW SAPPHIRE IS THROUGH INCLUSION(MAGNIFICATION)
Care and cleaning
Ultrasonic cleaning: Usually safe, but not for fracture-filled stones.Steam cleaning: Usually safe, but not for fracture-filled stones.
Warm soapy water: Water safe, but strong detergents should be avoided.
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It is very rare that you come across something that you really want to have in your life. You want to have it, keep it and preserve it to pass it on to the generations to come.
Such is this Antique Emerald Diamond Ring, the rare stones speak a story to be told!
Pricing is Indicative and subjected to market fluctuations
₹435,488.00 -
Weight in Cts. : 4.39 Mounted or Unmounted : UNMOUNTED Colour : BLUE Type of Cut & dimensions : CUSHION MIXED CUT (9.00*8.50*5.90 mm) approx. Refrctive index : 1.76-1.77 Microscopic Examination : FINGERPRINT LIKE INCLUSIONS OBSERVED Comments : S4(No Indication Of Thermal Enhancement observed) Price : On Request -
Weight in Cts. : 4.60 Mounted or Unmounted : UNMOUNTED Colour : BLUE Type of Cut & dimensions : OVAL MIXED CUT(10.65*7.50*5.99mm)APPROX Refrctive index : 1.76-1.77 Microscopic Examination : FINGERPRINT LIKE INCLUSIONS OBSERVED Comments : S4(No Indication Of Thermal Enhancement observed) Price : On Request -
Weight in Cts. : 5.27 Mounted or Unmounted : UNMOUNTED Colour : BLUE Type of Cut & dimensions : CUSHION MIXED CUT (11.10*7.40*6.20 mm) approx. Refrctive index : 1.76-1.77 Isotropic/Anistropic : ANISTROPIC Microscopic Examination : CRYSTALLINE INCLUSIONS OBSERVED Comments : S4(No Indication Of Thermal Enhancement observed) Price : On Request