Emerald (Panna)
Historically the first emerald mines were by the red sea in Egypt, that were called CLEOPATRA’S EMERALD MINES. Cleopatra was know to have a passion for emeralds, and used it in her royal adornments.
Emerald’s green colour is known to relive stress and eye strain.
The world’s best emeralds are know to come from Colombia.
Emeralds that are filled with oil, over a period of time oil can evaporate and leave brown, white or yellowish residue.
Chemical composition
Beryllium Aluminum Silicate with Iron, Chromium and Vanadium
Species Beryl
Refractive Index 1.576-1.582 (+/- 0.017)
Specific gravity 2.67-2.78
Melting point 1300 C (Approx)
Best source
Colombia (fine Colombian emeralds are highly regarded for their excellent color)
Other sources
Afghanistan
Brazil
Pakistan
Russia Zambia A major Commercial source
Zimbabwe The Sandawana Valley is a famous source